GNU/Linux Desktop Survival Guide by Graham Williams
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Synchronising Two Installations

The package system maintains a list of all packages installed (and de-installed). You can access this list, save it to a file, and use it to mark those same packages for installation (or deinstallation) on anther machine:

# dpkg --get-selections > dpkg-selections
# dpkg --set-selections < dpkg-selections
# apt-get dselect-upgrade